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Elementary Latin II
(LATIN 132)

Professor Ortwin Knorr
Classical Studies Program

 Email: oknorrATwillamette.edu
Phone: x6029
Mailbox: 107 Eaton

Answer Key to the Exercises GVE pp. 204-06

1. In each of these accusative and infinitive phrases, state who is doing the action, the tense of the action (i.e. when it would have occurred in direct speech) and, if applicable, the object or complement of the infinitive: then translate, remember to begin with 'that' ... :
[Note: The problem with this exercise is that the exact English translation of the infinitive depends on the tense of the verb (compare GVE pp. 201-02). Accordingly, I have added a verb of saying or perceiving in a principal tense (e.g., present) or a historical tense (i.e., perfect) to each of the infinitive structures given in the book.
Note too: While there may be two accusatives that could be subject accusatives, there rarely is any true ambiguity. Most often, the word order makes the sense unmistakably clear: the first accusative is the subject infinitive, the second is the infinitive complement. In the few cases, where the word order is not decisive, the subject accusative will usually be a person and the object of the infinitive will be a thing].

(a) [Dicit/dixit] servôs templum expugnâtûrôs esse.
servôs = subject accusative;
templum = object of the inf.;
expugnâtûrôs esse = future

- He says (dicit) that the slaves will be storming the temple.
- He said (dixit) that the slaves would be storming the temple.

(b) [Dicit/dixit] Verrem servôs ad templum mîsisse.
Verrem = subject accusative;
servôs = object of the inf.;
mîsisse = perfect

- He says (dicit) that Verres has sent slaves to the temple.
- He said (dixit) that Verres had sent slaves to the temple.

(c) [Dicit/dixit] Assôrînôs Chrysam colere.
Assôrînôs = subject accusative;
Chrysam = object of the inf.;
colere = present

- He says (dicit) that the people of Assorus worship Chrysas (a river god).
- He said (dixit) that the people of Assorus were worshipping Chrysas.

(d) [Dicit/dixit] Verrem mê accûsâtûrum esse.
Verrem = subject accusative;
mê = object of the inf.;
accûsâtûrum esse = future

- He says (dicit) that Verres will accuse me.
- He said (dixit) that Verres would accuse me.

(e) [Dicunt/dixêrunt] simulâcra sê amâre.
sê = subject accusative;
simulâcra= object of the inf.;
amâre = present

- They say (dicunt) that they love the images (of the gods).
- They said (dixêrunt) that they loved the images (of the gods).

(f) [Dicunt/dixêrunt] Scîpiônem hominem summâ hûmânitâte fuisse.
Scîpiônem = subject accusative;
hominem summâ hûmânitâte = complement of the inf.;
fuisse = perfect

- They say (dicunt) that Scipio was a man of the highest culture (i.e., a highly cultivated man).
- They said (dixêrunt) that Scipio was a man of the highest culture.

(g) [Dicunt/dixêrunt] omnia sê cônspicâtâs esse.
sê = subject accusative;
omnia= object of the inf.;
cônspicâtâs esse = perfect

- They say (dicunt) that they saw (caught sight of) everything.
- They said (dixêrunt) that they had seen (had caught sight of) everything

(h) [Dicit/dixit] istum nocte ex urbe êgressûrum esse.
istum = subject accusative;
êgressûrum esse = future

- He says (dicit) that that despicable man will leave the city at night.
- He said (dixit) that that despicable man would leave the city at night.

(i) [Dicit/dixit] clâmôrem magnum factum esse.
clâmôrem magnum = subject accusative;
factum esse = perfect

- He says (dicit) that great screaming took place (lit.: was made).
- He said (dixit) that great screaming had taken place (lit.: had been made).

(j) [Dicit/dixit] eum domum îre.
eum = subject accusative;
domum = complement of the inf. (bare accusative of direction);
îre = present

- He says (dicit) that he [i.e., someone else] is going home.
- He said (dixit) that he [i.e., someone else] was going home.

Note: The infinitives of the present, perfect, and future do not really express a tense.
They express
(a) whether an action takes place at the same time as the action of the main verb (= inf. pres.) or
(b) whether it took place before the action of the main verb (= inf. perf.)
or
(c) whether it will take place after the action of the main verb (= inf. fut.).

2. Underline the acc. + inf. phrase with a single line and the introductory verb with a double line, then translate the passage
[I marked these elements instead with A, I, and V]:

Cicero templum (A) esse (I) apud Agrigentinôs dîxit (V).
id (A) affirmâvit (V) nôn longê â forô esse (I).
in hoc templum intrâvisse (I) dîxit (V) Verris servôs (A).
eôs (obj. of I) Verrem (A) mîsisse (I) Cicerô opînâtus est (V).
Verrês autem sê (A) hoc (obj. of I) fêcisse (I) negâbat (V).
fâma percrêbrêscêbat (V) Verris servôs (A) in templum ingressôs esse (I)
et custôdês (A) templum (obj. of I) dêfendere cônâtôs esse (I).
magnum clâmôrem (obj. of I) custôdês (A) fêcisse (I) putâvit Cicerô;
Agrigentînôs (A) igitur ex urbe prôgressôs esse (I)
et ad templum vênisse (I).
fûgisse (I) tum servôs (A) Verris affirmâvit (V).
Cicerô negâbat (V) umquam sê (A) scelera peiôra (obj. of I) audîtûrum esse (I).

Translation:
Cicero said that there was a temple among the people of Agrigentum (i.e., in Agrigentum). That (temple), he stated, was not far from the marketplace (forum). He said that slaves of Verres had entered this temple. Cicero believed that Verres had sent those. Verres, however, said that he (himself) had not done this. A rumor spread that the slaves of Verres had entered the temple and that the guards had tried to defend the temple. Cicero believed that the guards had shouted a lot (lit.: had made a great shouting); therefore, the Agrigentines had advanced from the city and had come to the temple. Then, he asserted, the slaves of Verres had fled. Cicero said that he would never hear of worse crimes.

3. Before translating, say whether each sentence contains an acc. + inf. phrace (reported statement) or merely a prolative infinitive (i.e., after verbs like volo, etc.):

(a) They said that this could not be done (a.c.i.).
(b) (S)he did not want you (pl.) to do this (prolative inf.).
(c) I order you to remove the image/statue of Chrysas (a.c.i.).
(d) (S)he asserted that the slaves had tried to kill themselves (a.c.i.).
(e) There was a rumor that Verres had removed the statue (a.c.i.).
(f) All inhabitants of Agrigentum, gentlemen of the jury, wanted me to accuse Verres (prolative inf.).

4. Using the introductory verbs given, change the bracketed sentences from direct to indirect statements (acc. + inf.), then translate the passage:
[changes marked by bold print]

Cicerô dîcit templum apud Agrigentînôs esse, nôn longê â forô.
affirmat ibi esse simulâcrum Herculis pulcherrimum.
negat sê pulchrius simulâcrum quam illud umquam cônspicâtum esse.
fâma est ad hoc templum Verrem repente nocte servôs quôsdam armâtôs mîsisse.
dîcit hôs concurrisse et templum expugnâvisse.
affirmat custôdês templî clâmâvisse et servîs obsistere templumque defendere cônâtôs esse.
dîcit eôs mox et peiôra et scelestiôra auditûrôs esse.

Translation:
Cicero says that there is a temple among the people of Agrigentum, not far from the forum.
He asserts that there is a most beautiful image of Hercules.
He says that he (himself) has never seen a more beautiful image than that one.
There is a rumor that Verres suddenly sent some armed slaves to this temple at night.
He says that these assembled quickly and stormed the temple.
He asserts that the guards of the temple screamed and tried to resist the slaves and defend the temple.
He says that they (the audience) will soon hear things both worse and more criminal.