United States Supreme Court (8 summaries)
Expressions Hair Design v. Schneiderman
A ban on the imposition of a surcharge by merchants for the use of a credit card in which the ban regulates how a merchant may advertise a surcharge is a regulation of speech under the First Amendment.
Area(s) of Law:- Constitutional Law
Endrew F. v. Douglas County School District Re-1
For a school to meet its substantive obligation under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, it must offer an Individualized Education Program that is "reasonably calculated to enable a child [with a qualifying disability] to make progress appropriate in light of the child's circumstances."
Area(s) of Law:- Civil Law
NLRB v. SW General, Inc.
Subject to a narrow exception, subsection(b)(1) of §3345 of the Federal Vacancies Reform Act prohibits any person who has been nominated by the President to fill a vacant office from executing the duties of the office in an acting capacity, regardless of whether the acting officer was appointed under subsection (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(3).
Area(s) of Law:- Administrative Law
Salman v. United States
A person who indirectly receives insider information and trades on that information fully knowing it was improperly disclosed violates Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act and the Securities Exchange Commission’s Rule 10b-5.
Area(s) of Law:- Trade Secrets
Lynch v. Morales-Santana
Whether it is a violation of the equal protection clause to impose different requirements on unwed mothers and fathers of foreign-born children for citizenship purposes, under U.S.C. 1401 and 1409?
Area(s) of Law:- Constitutional Law
Encino Motocars, LLC v. Navarro
Whether a government agency who has been given the authority to interpret and promulgate a regulation may be given deference in the absence of an explanation for a change that is inconsistent with the agency's longstanding earlier position.
Area(s) of Law:- Employment Law
Moore v. Texas
Whether it is a violation of the Eighth Amendment to use outdated State approved medical standards in determining whether a person is intellectually disabled for death penalty purposes, instead of using current medical standards.
Area(s) of Law:- Criminal Law
Harris v. Arizona Independent Redistricting Comm’n
The State of Arizona did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment when the redrawing of the State legislative districts resulted in a population deviation of 8.8%.
Area(s) of Law:- Constitutional Law
United States Supreme Court Certiorari Granted (1 summary)
U.S. National Bank Association v. Village at Lakeridge
Whether the appropriate standard of review for determining non-stuatory insider status in a Chapter 11 Bankruptcy is the de novo standard of review, as followed by the 3rd, 7th, and 10th Circuits, or the clearly erroneous standard of review, as followed by the 9th Circuit?
Area(s) of Law:- Bankruptcy Law
9th Circuit Court of Appeals (15 summaries)
Arizona Ex Rel. Horne v. The Geo Group
In a class action under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 aggrieved persons must allege acts within 300 days of the alleged unlawful employment practice; however, if they fail to do this they may piggyback their claim onto the timely charge filed by another plaintiff in order to fulfill exhaustion of administrative remedies.
Area(s) of Law:- Employment Law
Mitchell v. State of Washington
A state official's decision to deny a medical treatment option using an explicit racial classification is subject to strict scrutiny, but will be entitled to qualified immunity if the particular set of circumstances was not clearly established at the time that treatment was denied.
Area(s) of Law:- Civil Rights § 1983
Hooks v. Kitsap Tenant Support Servs.
A person lacks the authority to serve in an Executive position under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act if that person is also a nominee for the permanent position.
Area(s) of Law:- Administrative Law
United States v. Lemus
When a court reviews a conviction for sufficient evidence it will ask whether, after observing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.
Area(s) of Law:- Criminal Law
Alaska Oil and Gas Ass'n v. Jewell
Agency action is presumed valid and will be maintained if there is reasonable basis for the conclusion and the agency has considered all relevant factors.
Area(s) of Law:- Administrative Law
Garcia v. City of Riverside
Officers do not have a duty to investigate every unsupported assertion of innocence of detained individuals; however, when a detainee claims misidentification and there is clear physical inconsistency between a warrant subject and a booked individual officers should explore readily accessible identity checks to insure they are not holding the incorrect person.
Area(s) of Law:- Civil Rights § 1983
Jacksonville Pension Fund v. CVB
When proving scienter under section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act, hearsay is not automatically discounted from consideration of whether the statement is sufficiently reliable for pleading purposes.
Area(s) of Law:- Consumer Credit
United States v. Estate of E. Wayne Hage
A person who holds water rights on federal lands holds a revocable license, rather than a property right; such license is subject to limitations by federal agencies, including the requirement that a rancher must obtain a grazing permit before allowing their cattle to graze on federal lands.
Area(s) of Law:- Property Law
Oyama v. University of Hawaii
A public university may deny an application for a professional certification without violating the applicant's First Amendment rights when the decision to deny the application is directly related to defined and established professional standards, is narrowly tailored to serve the University's mission, and reflects reasonable professional judgment.
Area(s) of Law:- Constitutional Law
Garcia v. Long
A criminal suspect in custody of police must unambiguously and unequivocally invoke the right to remain silent for interrogation by the officer to cease, and if an officer tries to clarify an unambiguous request, then receives an equivocal response, the suspect’s post-request testimony cannot be used to question the clarity of the first request.
Area(s) of Law:- Criminal Procedure
Dorrance v. United States
Taxpayers who obtain stock through demutualization and subsequently sell the stock cannot claim a basis in that stock for tax purposes because their basis in the mutual rights that were terminated during the demutualization was zero.
Area(s) of Law:- Tax Law
United States v. Gilbert
When a judgment is entered but leaves open the amount of restitution to be determined, the statute of limitations for filing a 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion does not restart when the actual amount of restitution is later entered.
Area(s) of Law:- Sentencing
I.R. v. Los Angeles USD
Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, school districts are required to initiate a due process hearing when the school district and parent disagree over the appropriate education program for a child who falls under the Act if the school district finds that the proposed special education program is necessary to the overall education needs of the child.
Area(s) of Law:- Disability Law
Zapien v. Martel
A criminal conviction will not be overturned unless a state appellate court is objectively unreasonable in finding that a trial court's determination of trustworthiness was supported by the evidence and a defendant's Confrontation Rights are not violated when a trial court admits statements made by a witness at a preliminary hearing, who refuses to testify at trial, because preliminary hearing testimony is sufficiently reliable.
Area(s) of Law:- Habeas Corpus
United States v. Ochoa
A district court's sentence of imprisonment will not be final unless there is a formal break in proceedings where it can be logically and reasonably determined that the sentencing has finished.
Area(s) of Law:- Criminal Procedure