The Bakumatsu Era:
1854 Treaty of Kanagawa signed
1858-9 Ansei Purge: Ii Naosuke, fudai daimyo of Hizen, replaces Hotta; becomes Tairo
1863 Summer, Fall: Anglo-American-French Dutch combined fleet attacks Satsuma and Choshu; thereafter,
1866 Sakamoto Ryoma mediates between Sat-Cho: anti-Bakufu Alliance
PPT Slide
The Charter Oath
3. It is requested that a system be established under which not only civil and military officials, but also the common people may be permitted to pursue their respective callings so that there may be no discontent.
5. Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to broaden and strengthen the foundation of imperial rule.
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