1. New Transitive Verbs
Make
Do laundry
Clean
Listen
Write
Exercise
Buy
Talk
Go out
Make a Phone Call
2. New Nouns
Laundry
Cleaning
Magazine
Newspaper
Exercise
Music
Shopping ------> Go shopping
3. New Adjectives
Interesting
Fun, pleasant
Easy
Difficult
Busy
Free, not busy
Tough, difficult
Unfortunate, too bad, a pity
4. New Time expressions
Yesterday
Tomorrow
Last week
This week
Next week
Weekend
(During) High-school Days
Length of time
one day
one week -- two weeks -- three weeks
one month
two months
three months
6 months or half a year
one year
three years
four years
10 years
5. New Patterns: The Past ---expect a -TA sound
Past of verbs--V-masu-----> V-Mashita
What did you do?
Yesterday?
Last week?
Negative past of Verbs: V-mashita ---------> V-masen deshita
The Past of Adjectives: i-Adj---->drop final i add + katta
negative past of ADJ----> Adj-KU form followed by
Arimasen deshita or
Nakaktta desu
6. New Pattern: Double particles such as
ni + wa
ni + mo
wa occurs often with negative expressionsfor CONTRAST so
de + wa i.e., "As for at school, I do not eat (there)."
7. Particle use:
de used with transportation modes as "by means of" (I came by car)
A kara B made from point A to point B
To somebody with ni --talk to, write a letter to, make a phone call to
With somebody using to -- go with somebody, talk with somebody
8. Kara meaning REASON
As in L. 5 Dialogue:
"Ashita tesuto ga arimasu kara, toshokan de ichijikan gurai benkyoo shimasu."
Word order is always REASON + kara followed by result or consequence
9. Ga joining two clauses meaning but/however and CONTRAST is implied
"Tomorrow my parents are coming so (kara) I cleaned my apartment."